From 1953-1975 military scientists from both the Chemical Defence Experimental Establishment ( CDEE) and the Microbiological Research Establishment (MRE) Porton Down, conducted biological warfare experiments (trials) in public areas of the UK.
Down here in Weymouth, over 80 trials took place which involved spraying massive quantities of live bacteria ( normally from a ship) but occasionally from a dual use aircraft) over the resident population of Dorset.
The normal procedure was for a ship to sail in a straight line across either Weymouth or Lyme Bay, spraying massive quantities
of live bacteria. The bacterial cloud would float onshore and were sampled up to 50 miles inland by mobile sampling teams.
The live bacteria used in most of the trials were E.coli MRE162 (the 162 is just its' MRE tissue sample No) which was isolated from a Porton Down toilet seat in 1949) and Bacillus subtilis var niger, a sporulating bacteria.
I, and others in South Dorset have been campaigning for the last 7 years for more information about these trials.
By campaigning we have found out that 110 experiments were carried out by CDEE Porton Down between 1953-1964 which involved the UK population inhaling a toxic chemical Zinc Cadmium sulphide (ZnCds). The MOD have admitted that they had no official permission for any of these trials to take place.
During 1971, Porton Down invited the US Armed Forces to conduct joint trials at Portland, Dorset. Yet again massive quantities of live and inactivated bacteria were sprayed on 16 occasions from a ship, this time the target was various types of BW detection devices being developed by both countries.
During 1975 the trials were repeated. This time a Land Rover was strapped to the ships deck and on 24 occasions sprayed bacteria onshore. Even after asking Parliamentary Questions we are none the wiser about the 1975 trials. Information was withheld by the MOD. Even Professor Spratt, a Royal Society scientist appointed by the MOD to review the health implications of all Porton Biological trials, was not given access to the 1975 US/UK trials. He did however find that although most of the exposed population would not have suffered any ill effects from the bacteria, some individuals with underlying disease would have suffered from chest and/or blood diseases. He also criticised the use of contaminated bacterial suspension in the trials. When questioned, Porton could not inform him about the type of bacteria which caused the contamination.
Dorset also saw the use of the MODs dual use aircraft. During 1963 the Ministry of Aviation wanted an Icing Research Aircraft and the Army Depatment of the MOD wanted a BW spraying capable aircraft. The chosen aircraft, Canberra WV787, was capable of contaminating up to 10,000 square miles should it have disseminated a pathogenic bacteria.
So, as it all happened a long time ago why campaign?
Well, in the mobilisation for the 1991 Gulf War the UK Chiefs of Staff were horrified to find that after all these past experiments, Porton still didn't have a BW detection device. Porton scientists concocted nine ad hoc systems which saw service in the war.
Determined to avoid this situation reoccurring the CoS tasked Porton Down to develop new battlefield BW detection systems.
From the mid 90s the following systems have been developed;
Pototype Biological Detection System (PBDS), Integrated Biological Detection System, Interim Naval Biological Detection System, and under development as I write, Maritime Biological Detection System.
All of these systems can only be developed by challenging them with large clouds of biological simulants.
Likewise the operators of the developed systems need training in their use. Some training involves the release of simulants.
In answer to a PQ the Minister for Defence Procurement admitted that the majority of the releases of bacterial simulants take place on MOD land. So, if you live near a MOD site, watch out for a large Bedford Truck with an inverted cone on its' roof. If you see one hold your breath for a few hours.
And if the majority of trials are held on MOD land, that leaves a minority which are held in public areas.
That's why it is still relevant to campaign for more info. Since the US anthrax attacks the use of biological simulants in public areas has increased.
In answer to my Code of Practice on Access to Government Information request the HSE admitted that in order to check how anthrax would act in a sorting office, they released on three occasions an anthrax simulant in three different Royal Mail Sorting Offices.
The sorting offices were:
Sheffield 10 November 2001
Nottingham 18 November 2001
Mount Pleasant, London 23 November 2001
The bacteria released was Bg. Porton has stated in the past that Bg is Bacillus subtilis var niger. The Health Protection Agency staes that Bacillus subtilis is a cause of food poisoning.
The HSE states that the sorting offices carried on working as normal.
We all got a little something extra with our Christmas cards that year.
Cheers,
Zero Lift



